IAS Prelims General Studies 2010 Paper

1.For the Karachi session of Indian National Congress in 1931, presided over by Sardar Patel, who drafted the Resolution on Fundamental Rights and Economic Programme?

(a) Mahatma Gandhi

(b) Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru

(c) Dr. Rajendra Prasad

(d) Dr. B. R. Ambedkar

Ans: b

2.Consider the following statements:

1. Hepatitis B is several times more infectious than HIV / AIDS.

2. Hepatitis B can cause liver cancer.

Which of the statement given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(c) Both 1 and 2

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Ans: c

3.With regard to the transmission of the Human mmunodeficiency Virus, which one of the following statements is not correct?

(a) The chances of transmission from female to male are twice as likely as from male to female.

(b) The chances of transmission are more if a person suffers from other sexually transmitted infections.

(c) An infected mother can transmit the pregnancy, at childbirth and by breast feeding.

(d) The risk of contracting infection from transfusion of infected blood is much higher than an exposure to contaminated needle.

Ans: a

4.Consider the following statements:

1. The Commonwealth has no charter, treaty or constitution.

2. All the territories / countries once under the British empire (jurisdiction / rule / mandate) automatically joined the commonwealth as its members.

Which of the statement given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(c) Both 1 and 2

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Ans: d

5.With reference to the National Investment Fund to which the

disinvestment proceeds are routed, consider the following statements:

1. The assets in the National Investment Fund are managed by the Union Ministry of Finance.

2. The National Investment Fund is to be maintained within the Consolidated Fund of India.

3. Certain Asset Management Companies are appointed as the fund managers.

4. A certain proportion of annual income is used for financing select social sectors.

Which of the statement given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2

(b) 2 only

(c) 3 and 4

(d) 3 only

Ans: c

6.Which one of the following is not a feature of Limited Liability

Partnership firm?

(a) Partners should be less than 20.

(b) Partnership and management need not be separate.

(c) Internal governance may be decided by mutual agreement among partners.

(d) It is corporate body with perpetual succession.

Ans: a

7.With reference to the India, consider the following:

1. Nationalization of Banks.

2. Formation of Regional Rural Banks.

3. Adoption of villages by Bank Branches.

Which of the above can be considered as steps taken to achieve the “financial inclusion” in India?

(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only

(c) 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3

Ans: d

8.Why did Buddhism start declining in India in the early medieval times?

1. Buddha was by that time considered as one of the incarnations of Vishnu and thus became a part of Vaishnavism.

2. The invading tribes from Central Asia till the time of last Gupta king adopted Hinduism and persecuted Buddhists.

3. The Kings of Gupta dynasty were strongly opposed to Buddhism.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only (b) 1 and 3 only

(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3

Ans: a

9.In India, during the last decade the total cultivated land for which one of the following crops has remained more or less stagnant?

(a) Rice (b) Oil Seeds

(c) Pulses (d) Sugarcane

Ans: c

10.With reference to the Indian economy, consider the following

statements:

1. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has increased by four times in the last 10 years.

2. The percentage share of Public Sector in GDP has declined in the last 10 years.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only (b) 2 only

(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2

Ans: b

11.The International Development Association, a lending agency, is administered by the

(a) International Bank for Reconstruction and Development.

(b) International Fund for Agricultural Development.

(c) United Nations Development Programme.

(d) United Nations Industrialized Development Organization.

Ans: a

12.With reference to the river Luni, which one of the following statements is correct?

(a) It flows into Gulf of Khambhat.

(b) It flows into Gulf of Kuchchh.

(c) It flows into Pakistan and merges with a tributary of Indus.

(d) It is lost in the marshy land of the Rann of Kuchchh.

Ans : d

13.A geographic region has the following distinct characteristics:

1. Warm and dry climate.

2. Mild and wet winter.

3. Evergreen oak trees.

The above features are the distinct characteristics of which one of the following regions?

(a) Mediterranean (b) Eastern China

(c) Central Asia (d) Atlantic coast of North America.

Ans: a

14.In the context of India’s Five Year Plan, a shift in the pattern of

industrialization, with lower emphasis on heavy industries and more on infrastructure begins in

(a) Fourth Plan (b) Sixth Plan

(c) Eighth Plan (d) Tenth Plan

Ans: c

15.As a result of their annual survey, the National Geographic Society and an international polling firm Globe Scan gave India top rank in Greendex 2009 score. What is this score?

(a) It is a measure of efforts made by different countries in adopting technologies for reducing carbon footprint?

(b) It is a measure of environmentally sustainable consumer behaviour in different countries.

(c) It is an assessment of programmes / schemes undertaken by different countries for improving the conservation of natural resources.

(d) It is an index showing the volume of carbon credits sold by different countries.

Ans: b

IAS Examination General Studies Solved 2005 Paper

1. Who among the following repealed the vernacular press Act?
(a) Lord Dufferin
(b) Lord Ripon
(c) Lord Curzon
(d) Lord Hardinge
Ans: – (b)

2. Consider the following statements:-
1. Ishwar Chandra VidyaSagar founded the Bethune School at Calcutta with the main aim of encouraging eduction for women.
2.Bakim Chandra Chattopadhyay was the first Graduate of the Calcutta University
3.Keshav Chandra Sen’s campaign against Sati led to the enactment of a law to ban sati by the then Governor General.
Which of he Statements given above is / are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2
(c) 2 and 3
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Ans: – (b)

3. Which party was founded by S.C.Bose in the year 1939 after he broke away from the Congress?
(a) India Freedom Party
(b) Azad Hind Fauj
(c) Revolutionary Front
(d) Forward Block
Ans: – (d)

4. Consider the following Statements:-
The Government of India Act, 1935 Provided for
1. The provincial autonomy
2. The establishment of Federal Court
3. All India Federation at the center
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Ans: – (d)

5. Which one of the following is the correct chronological order of the battles fought in India in the 18th century?
(a) Battle of WandiWish-Battle of Buxar-Battle of Ambur – Battle of Plassey
(b) Battle of ambur – Battle of Plassey – Battle of Wandiwash-Battle of Buxar
(c) Battle of Wandiwash – battle of Plassey-Battle of Ambur-Battle of Buxar
(d) Battle of Ambur-Battle of Buxar – Battle of Wandiwash-Battle of Plassey
Ans: – (b)

6. What was Komagata Maru?
(a) A political party based in Taiwan
(b) Peasent Communist leader of China
(c) A naval Ship on Voyage to Canada
(d) Chinese village where Mao Tse Tung began his long march
Ans: – (c)

7. Consider the following statements:-
On the eve of launch of Quit India Movement Mahatma Gandhi
1) Asked the Government Servants to resign
2) Asked to Soldiers to leave their posts
3) Asked the princes of princely states to accept the Sovereignty of their own
people.
Which of the statements given above is / are correct?
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 2 and 3
(c) 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Ans: – (c)

8. In which one of the following provinces was a congress ministry not formed under the Act of 1935?
(a) Bihar
(b) Madras
(c) Orissa
(d) Punjab
Ans: – (d)

9. Who among the following drafted the resolution on fundamental rights for the Karachi session of congress in 1931?
(a) Dr.B.R.Ambekder
(b) Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru
(c) Dr.Rajendra Prasad
(d) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
Ans: – (b)

10. Which of the following pairs are correctly matched?
Movement/Satyagraha Person actively associated with
1. Champaran Rajendra prasad
2. Ahmedabad mill workers Morarji Desai
3. Kheda Vallabhbhai Patel
Select the correct answer using the code given below:-
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Ans: – (c)

11. Which one of the following territories was not affected by the revolt of 1857?
(a) Jhansi
(b) Chittor
(c) Jagdispur
(d) Lucknow
Ans: – (b)

12. Who among the following was not associated with the formation of U.P.Kisan Sabha in February 1918?
(a) Indra Narain Dwivedi
(b) Gauri Shankar Misra
(c) Jawaharlal Nehru
(d) Madan Mohan Malviya
Ans: – (c)

13. In October 1920,who of the following headed a group of Indians gathered at Tashkent to set up a communist party of India?
(a) H.K.Sarkar
(b) P.C.Joshi
(c) M.C.Chagla
(d) M.N.Roy
Ans: (d)

14. At which congress session was the working committee authorized to launch a Programme of civil disobedience?
(a) Bombay
(b) Lahore
(c) Lucknow
(d) Tripuri
Ans: – (b)

15. Where were the Ghadar revolutionaries who became active during the outbreak of the World War I based?
(a) Central America
(b) North America
(c) West America
(d) South America
Ans: – (c)

IAS Examination General Studies Solved 2004 Paper

1. Consider the following events during India’s freedom struggle:-
1. Chauri – Chaura outrage
2. Minto-Morley Reforms
3. Dandi March
4. Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms
Which one of the following is the correct chronological order of the events given
above?
(a) 1 – 3 – 2 – 4
(b) 2 – 4 – 1 – 3
(c) 1 – 4 – 2 – 3
(d) 2 – 3 – 1 – 4
Ans: (b)

2. Consider the following statements about Sikh Gurus:
1. Banda Bahadur was appointed as the military leader of the Sikhs by Guru
Tegh Bahadur
2. Guru Arjun dev became the Sikh Guru after Guru Ramdas.
3. Guru Arjun Dev gave to Sikhs their own script Gurumukhi.
Which of the statements given above is / are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3
(d) 1 and 2
Ans : – (d)

3. Which one of the following sequences indicates the correct Chronological order?
(a) Shankaracharya – Ramanuja – Chaitanya
(b) Ramanuja – Shankaracharya – Chaitanya
(c) Ramanuja – Chaitanya – Shankaracharya
(d) Shankaracharya – Chaitanya – Ramanuja
Ans: – (a)

4. Which one of the following four Vedas contains an account of magical charms and spells?
(a) Rig Veda
(b) Yagur Veda
(c) Atharvana Veda
(d) Sama Veda
Ans: – (c)

5. How did the dynasty of Nizam Shahis of Ahmad Nagar come to an end?
(a) Ahmad Nagar was annexed to Mughal Empire and Husain Shah was
consigned to life imprisonment.
(b) Mughal troops destroyed Daulatabad fort and killed Nizam-ul-Mulk of
Ahmad Nagar.
(c) Fateh Khan usurped the throne from Nizam – ul – Mulk.
(d) Malik Amber was defeated in a battle with Mughals in 1631 and the entire
royal family was killed by the Mughal troops
Ans: – (a)

6. Consider the following statements:-
Some of the main features of the Government of India Act, 1935 were the
1. Abolition of diarchy in the Governor’s provinces.
2. Power of the Governor’s Veto legislative action and to legislate on their own.
3. Abolition of the principle of Communal representation.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2
(c) 2 and 3
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Ans: – (b)

7. Which one of the following statements is correct?
(a) The constituent assembly of India was elected by the provincial Assemblies in
the year 1946.
(b) Jawaharlal Nehru, M.A.Jinnah and Sardar Vallabai Patel were members of
the constituent assembly of India.
(c) The First session of the constituent assembly of India was held in January, 1947.
(d) The constitution of India was adopted on 26th January 1950.
Ans: – (a)

8. The name of the famous person of India who returned the knighthood conferred on him by the British Government as a token of protest against the atrocities in Punjab in 1919 was
(a) Tej Bahadur Sapru
(b) Ashutosh Mukherjee
(c) Rabindranath Tagore
(d) Syed Ahmad Khan
Ans: – (c)

9. Which of the following Pairs are correctly matched?
List I List II
1. AD 1767-69 First Anglo-Maratha War
2. AD 1790-92 Third Mysore War
3. AD 1824-26 First Anglo-Burmese War
4. AD 1845-46 Second Sikh War
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:-
Codes:-
(a) 2 and 4
(b) 3 and 4
(c) 1 and 2
(d) 2 and 3
Ans: – (d)

10. Who was the last ruler of the Tughluq dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate?
(a) Firuz Shah Tughlaq
(b) Ghiyas-ud-din Tughluq Shah II
(c) Nasir-ud-din Mahumad
(d) Nasarat Shah
Ans: – (c)

11. Consider the following statements:-
1) In the third battle of Panipet,Ahmed Shah Abdali defeated Ibrahim Lodi.
2) Tipu sultan was killed in the Third Anglo Mysore War.
3) Mir Jafar entered in a conspiracy with the English for the defeat of Nawab siraj-ud-daulah in the Battle of Plassey.
Which of the statements given above is / are correct?
(a) 1, 2 and 3
(b) 3 only
(c) 2 ad 3
(d) None
Ans: – (b)

12. Consider the following Princely States of the British rule in India:
1. Jhansi
2. sambalpur
3. Satara
The correct Chronological order in which they annexed by the British is
(a) 1 – 2 – 3
(b) 1 – 3 – 2
(c) 3 – 2 – 1
(d) 3 – 1 – 2
Ans: – (c)

13. Consider the following statements:-
1. Narasimha Saluva ended the Sangama dynasty and seized the throne for himself and started the Saluva dynasty.
2. Vira Narasimha deposed the last Saluva ruler and seized the throne for himself.
3. Vira Narasimha was succeeded by his younger brother Krishnadeva Raya.
4. Krishnadeva Raya was succeeded by his half-brother Achyuta Raya.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1, 2 and 3
(b) 2, 3 and 4
(c) 1 and 4
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Ans: – (d)

14. Consider the following statements:-
1. The first session of the Indian National Congress was held in Calcutta.
2. The second session of the Indian National Congress held under the President ship of Dadabai Naoroji.
3. Both Indian National Congress and Muslim league had their sessions at Lucknow in 1916 and concluded the Lucknow Pact.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 2 only
(c) 2 and 3
(d) 3 only
Ans: – (c)

15. Consider the following statements
(1) The Chinese pilgrim Fa-Hein attended the fourth great Buddhist Council held by kanishka.
(2) The Chinese pilgrim Hiuen_tsang met Harsha and found him to be
antagonistic to Buddhism.
Which of the statements given above is / are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 not 2
Ans: – (d)

IAS Examination General Studies Solved 2003 Paper

1. How did sultan Qutb-ud-din-Aibak die?
(a) He was treacherously stabbed to death by one of his ambitious nobles.
(b) He was killed in a Battle with Taj-u-din Yildiz, the ruler of Ghazni who entered into a contest with him over the capture of Punjab.
(c) He sustained injuries while besieging the fortress of kalinjar in Bundelkhand and succumbed to death.
(d) He died after a fall from him house while playing Chaugan.
Ans: – (d)

2. Emperor Harsha’s Southward March was stopped on the Narmada River by
(a) Pulakesin I
(b) Pulakesin II
(c) Vikramaditya I
(d) Vikramaditya II
Ans: – (b)

3. The leader of Bardoli Satyagraha was (1928)
(a) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
(b) Mahatma Gandhi
(c) Vithalbhai J.Patel
(d) Mahadev Desai
Ans: – (a)

4. When Congress leaders condemned Montague-Chelmsford Report, many moderates left the party to form the
(a) Swarajya Party
(b) Indian Freedom Party
(c) Independence Federation of India
(d) Indian Liberal Federation
Ans: – (d)

5. An important aspect of the Cripp’s Mission in 1942 was
(a) That all Indian states should join the Indian Union as condition to consider any degree of autonomy for India.
(b) The creation of an Indian Union with Dominion Status very soon after the second World War.
(c) The active participation and co-operation of the Indian people communities and political parties in the British War effort as a condition for granting independence with full Sovereign status to India after War.
(d) By framing of a Constitution for the entire Indian Union with no separate constitution for any province, and a Union Constitution to be accepted by all province
Ans: – (b)

6. Which of the following provisions was not made in the charter Act of 1833?
(a) The trading activities of the East India Company were to be abolished.
(b) The designation of the supreme authority was to be changed as the Governor-General of India in Council.
(c) All law-making powers to be conferred on Governor-General in Council.
(d) An Indian was to be appointed as a Law Member in the Governor-General Council.
Ans: – (a)

7. Consider the following statements:-
1.Kitab-I-Nauras, a collection of songs in praise of Hindu deities and Muslims, Saints, was written by Ibrahim Adil ShahII.
2.Amir Kusrau was the originator in India of the early form of Musical style Known as Qawali.
Which of these statements is/are correct?
(a) Only 1
(b) Only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Ans: – (c)

8. Consider the following statements:-
1. The Cholas defeated Pandya and Chera rulers and established their domination over peninsular India in the early medieval times.
2. The Cholas sent an expedition against Sailendra Empire of South East Asia and conquered some of the areas.
Which of the statements is/are correct?
(a) Only 1
(b) Only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Ans : – (b)

9. How did Mughal Emperor Jahandar Shah Reign come to an early end?
(a) He was deposed by his wazir
(b) He died due to a slip while climbing down steps
(c) He was defeated by his nephew in a battle
(d) He died of sickness due to too much consumption of wine
Ans: – (c)

10. Alam Khan, one of those who invited Babur to invade India was
(a)An uncle of Ibrahim Lodi and a pretender to the throne of Delhi
(b)a cousin of Ibrahim Lodi who was ill-treated and expelled from the country.
(c)The father of Dilwar Khan to whom cruel treatment was meted out by Ibrahim Lodi.
(d) High official in Punjab Province who was very much discontented with Ibrahim Lodi’s treatment to his tribe.
Ans : – (a)

11. With reference to the entry of European powers into India which one of the following is not correct?
(a) The Portuguese captured Goa in 1499.
(b) The English opened their first factory in south Indian at Masulipatnam.
(c) In Eastern India, the English company opened its first factory in Orissa in 1633.
(d) Under the leadership of Dupleix, the French occupied Madras in 1746.
Ans: – (a)

12. Consider the following statements:-
1. The lst Mauryan Ruler, Brihadratha was assassinated by his commander-in-chief, Pushyamitra Sunga.
2. The last Sunga king, Devabhuti was assassinated by his Brahmana Minister Vasudeva Kanva who asrupted the throne.
3. The last ruler of Kanva dynasty was deposed by Andhras.
Which of these statements is/are correct?
(a) 1, 2
(b) only 2
(c) only 3
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Ans: – (d)

13. “Mrichchhakatika” an ancient Indian book written by shudraka deals with
(a) The love affair of a rich merchant with the daughter of a courtesan.
(b) The victory of Chandragupta II over the Saka Kshatrapas of Western India…
(c) The military expeditions and exploits of Samudragupta.
(d) The love affair between a Gupta King and a Princess of Kamarupa.
Ans: – (a)

14. During the Colonial Period in India, what was the purpose of the Whitley Commission?
(a) To review the fitness of India for further political reforms.
(b) To report on the existing conditions of labour and to make recommendations.
(c) To draw up a plan for financial reforms for India.
(d) To develop a comprehensive scheme for Civil Services in India.
Ans: – (b)

15. Who headed the Interim cabinet formed in the year 1946?
(a) Rajendra Prasad
(b) Jawaharlal Nehru
(c) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
(d) Rajagopalachari
Ans: – (b)

IAS 2010 Solved Paper

1. India is a party to the Ramsar Convention and has declared many areas as Ramsar Sites.
Which of the following statements best describes as to how we should maintain these sites in the context of this Convention?
(a) Keep all the sites completely inaccessible to man so that they will not be exploited.
(b) Conserve all the sites through ecosystem approach and permit tourism and recreation only.
(c) Conserve all the sites through ecosystem approach for a period without any exploitation, with specific criteria and specific period for each site, and then allow sustainable use of them by future generations.
(d) Conserve all the sites through ecosystem approach and allow their simultaneous. Sustainable use. Ans: (c)

2. Which bacterial strain, developed from natural isolates by genetic manipulations, can be used for treating oil spills?
(a) Agrobacterium
(b) Clostridium
(c) Nitrosomonas
(d) Pseudomonas
Ans: (d)

3. There are only two known examples of cave paintings of the Gupta period in ancient India. One of these is paintings of Ajanta Caves. Where is the other surviving example of Gupta paintings?
(a) Bagh Caves
(b) Ellora Caves
(c) Lomas Rishi cave
(d) Nasik caves
Ans: (a)

4. Two numbers X and Y are respectively 20% and 28% less than a third number Z. By what percentage is the number Y less than the number X?
(a) 8%
(b) 9%
(c) 10%
(d) 12%
Ans: (c)

5. With reference to the mineral sources of India, consider the following pairs: Mineral 90% National Sources in
1. Copper — Jharkhand
2. Nickel — Orissa
3. Tungsten — Kerala
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Ans: (b)

6. Recently, LASIK (Laser Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis) procedure is being made popular for vision correction. Which one of the following statements in this context is not correct?
(a) LASIK procedure is used to correct refractive errors of the eye.
(b) It is a procedure that permanently changes the shapes of the cornea.
(c) It reduces a person’s dependence on glasses or contact lenses.
(d) It is a procedure that can be done on the person of any age.
Ans: (d)

7. The “Instrument of Instructions” contained in the Government of India Act 1935 have been incorporated in the Constitution of India in the year 1950 as :
(a) Fundamental Rights
(b) Directive Principles of State Policy
(c) Extent of executive power of State
(d) Conduct of business of the Government of India.
Ans: (b)

8. With reference to the treatment of cancerous tumors, a tool called cyber knife has been making the news. In this context, which one of the following statements is not correct?
(a) It is a robotic image guided system.
(b) It delivers an extremely precise dose of radiation.
(c) It has the capability of achieving sub – millimeter accuracy.
(d) It can map the spread of tumour in the body.
Ans: (d)

9. What is te principle by which a cooling system (Radiator) in a motor car works?
(a) Conduction only
(b) Convection
(c) Radiation only
(d) Both conduction and radiation
Ans: (b)

10. What was the immediate cause for the launch of the Swadeshi movement?
(a) The partition of Bengal done by Lord Curzon.
(b) A sentence of 18 months rigorous imprisonment imposed on Lokmanya Tilak.
(c) The arrest and deportation of Lala Lajput Rai and Ajit Singh, and passing of the Punjab Colonization Bill.
(d) Death sentence pronounced on the Chapekar brothers.
Ans: (a)

11. Half of the villagers of a certain village have their own houses. One – fifth of the villagers cultivate paddy. One – third of the villagers are literate. Four – fifth of the villagers are below twenty five. Then, which one of the following is certainly true?
(a) All the villagers who have their own houses are literate.
(b) Some villagers under twenty five are literate.
(c) A quarter of the villagers who have their own houses cultivate paddy.
(d) Half of the villagers who cultivate paddy are literate.
Ans: (b)

12. Which one of the following is responsible for the preparation and presentation of Union Budget to the Parliament?
(a) Department of Revenue
(b) Department of Economic Affairs
(c) Department of Financial Services
(d) Department of Expenditure
Ans: (b)

13. How many numbers from 0 to 999 are not divisible by either 5 or 7?
(a) 313
(b) 341
(c) 686
(d) 786
Ans: (c)

14. A person traveled a distance of 50 km in 8 hours. He covered a part of the distance on foot at the rate of 4 km per hour and a part on a bicycle at the rate of 10 km per hour. How much distance did he travel on foot?
(a) 10 km
(b) 20 km
(c) 30 km
(d) 40 km
Ans : (b)

15. Given below are the names of four energy crops. Which one of them can be cultivated for ethanol?
(a) Jatropha
(b) Maize
(c) Pongania
(d) Sunflower
Ans: (b)